RECA FOUNDATION

605 South Olympia #74 Kennewick, Wa 99336

By Bruce McComb

May 26, 1996

Community Networking 1996

Reference: The Changing Role of Community Computing Networks

We (Ronda Evans & Bruce McComb) just got back from our trip to Taos, New Mexico. The Community Networking Conference - Bringing People Together (May 14-17), hosted by the La Plaza Telecommunity Foundation, was an awesome experience. The Conference was sponsored by the Apple Library of Tomorrow, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce), and the Pacific Southwest Regional Technology in Education Consortium (California State University, Long Beach). Participating organizations included: the Town of Taos, University of New Mexico (Taos), Decker Communication Systems, Morino Institute, Connect New Mexico, and Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL).

The attendance was somewhere around 400, speakers and presenters came from all over the world, and, in the end, a new International Association for Community Networking was born. We're proud to be a founding member of that organization. We're also proud to have authored one of the twenty papers published in the proceedings. A complete list of speakers, conference proceedings, and lots more about the conference and community networking in general can be found at the conference website .

The most valuable aspect of the conference was the sharing of information about community networking at a personal level. Not just the successes, but the failures. All the many stories can be found on the conference website - what's missing are the faces to go with the names, the personalities, and the passion for community service that is so obvious in a face-to-face environment. We have our own story. Because of the conference, we are encouraged to tell it......

First - What is a Community Network?

Patrick Finn, Managing Director and Co-Founder of La Plaza Telecommunity Foundation, had this to say in his introduction to the CN '96 Conference Proceedings (complete text available on the conference website):

What is a community network?

Before I attempt to answer that question, I would like to share a quick story. I had been bargaining with our local plumber on the cost of installing an air conditioner in what we call the Smart Room where the central server and modems are located. We were negotiating a deal to trade a PPP account for part of the installation costs. I have known the plumber since I arrived in Taos 14 years ago, so we were playing hardball with a smile. We finally reached an agreement and complimented each other on what good horse traders we were.

After I got off the phone I asked myself, is this community networking - trading PPP accounts for air conditioning? The only answer is YES!

To start a community network you only need to be a lawyer, a plumber, a computer technician, a bookkeeper, a marketing executive, an accountant, a politician, a fund-raiser, an administrator, a community developer, a therapist, a teacher..... and if you are not, you better know at least two of each. The most important one is the therapist. People have to be nuts to start a community network. I know, we did and we are.

I don't mean to discourage you. But since this conference and these proceedings deals with the practical issues of starting and maintaining a community network I thought you should know up front the many challenges we face.

Really, it has been one of the most rewarding and challenging undertakings in my life. And as you've guessed a lot of hard work. Now to try and answer that question, what is a community network? Its not easy, but here is a starting point.....

A Community Network (CN) is an association that serves the communications and/or information needs of a group of people who have a common interest via online technology.

There are many variables that come into play once you begin to look at how to deliver this service at the community level. Some of those include: Organizational Structure, Technology, Local Politics, Audience, Leadership, Access, Training, Funding, Services Offered, Community Outreach, Partnerships, Staffing, Volunteer Management, Cultural Issues, Marketing, and Sustainability.

Well said, Patrick! Wehave a much simpler definition that says Community Networks are "Public Telecomputing" and have their place alongside their more familiar cousins, Public Television, Public Radio, and Public Libraries. But the above account lays a better foundation for understanding our story.

The Beginning. From the RECA Foundation 1992 Annual Report, Ronda Evans, President said:

"Richard T. Lincoln left me $11,000+ to form a nonprofit that would assist seniors the way that I had assisted Mr. Lincoln with estate administration. With these funds the RECA Foundation was formed as a Washington nonprofit as of 9/30/92. The RECA Foundation began working with the Senior Centers to install modems, train staff to use the Tri-Cities On- Line Information Service, and to administer the on-line checklists and other information to area senior citizens."

People do, indeed, have to be nuts to start a community network - so we found three other "nuts" to form our five member board and launched the Tri-Cities On-Line. We didn't know there were such things as Free-Nets already in existence so the name change to Tri-Cities Free-Net came later. Armed with lots of enthusiasm, good intentions, a little money, and lots and lots of naivety, we set off to "educate" the community on the benefits of a community network.

We talked to the Chambers of Commerce, City Governments, Port Districts, Economic Development Organizations, School Districts, Service Clubs, individuals, ............. on and on ...... we were apparently speaking a foreign language! We had a very clear vision - why was it so hard to get that vision across to other people? We tried everything we could think of to get the message out. We had a functional community network running on a donated PC with two 2400bps modems but it was beginning to feel impossible to get people to see the potential. "Ask not what the Free-Net can do for you but what you can do for the Free-Net" was a concept totally foreign to nearly everyone we talked to. It got very depressing!

By March, 1993, we were working full time to gain support for our community networking efforts. Funding was nearly non-existent so there was no money for salaries, let alone basic system operation. We went from a combined income in six figures to ZERO. We didn't have a clue at the time, but we were about to enter into a three year "experience" of state assistance (e.g. welfare), food stamps, and community assistance programs! In retrospect, it was a very positive experience. It is very difficult for someone who "has it all" to fully appreciate living in bare minimum conditions. The "bottom up" approach we have always professed took on a new reality. We were operating a foundation out of the kitchen of an apartment located in a multicultural complex, sometimes behind on the rent, learned to appreciate first hand the local food bank, had to ask for help in paying the electric bills, and did without things we had previously taken for granted and many consider necessities. We're still not quite sure how to effectively match our "bottom up" approach to the "top down" power structure that seems to have a need to dictate (i.e. control the funding) what the community needs, but we're getting closer. The CBPIN program today would not have the sharp focus and clarity of purpose without that experience.

In March we also received our 501©(3) exemption letter from the IRS. Our problems were over! We were eligible for grants! We wrote grant applications to corporations, philanthropic organizations, local governments, and revisited all those hundreds of people who "didn't get it" the first time. . We looked at other communities for success stories. We looked at Taos, NM where La Plaza and Los Alamos National Laboratory were working together - surely we could do something similar here with the vast resources of Hanford, the DOE, and the contractors? But at the end of 1993, our total donations amounted to $235.00 and we still received mostly blank stares when we talked about community networking. We didn't give up.

1994 saw the development of the Lewis and Clark Information Highway Project. The project was made into a grant application and submitted in 1995 to the TIIAP (U.S. Department of Commerce). It was also translated into Russian for use in a similar project in the greater Moscow area. The Project was later presented at Telecommunities '95 (August, 1995 Victoria, Canada) and is available at:

http://www.swifty.com/TC95/PROCEED/pro.htm and on the Tri-Cities Free-Net. We joined the NPTN (National Public Telecomputing Network - sort of like the PBS of Public Telecomputing) and changed the name of our network to the Tri-Cities Free-Net. We were slowly gaining support and forming partnerships in our grant writing endeavors. Our donations for the year jumped to a whopping $2,212.00. We remained unsuccessful in gaining financial support from the Hanford organizations, local governments, or major businesses. The "top down" folks were still not interested. We didn't give up.

  • 1995. The Lewis and Clark Information Highway Project was not selected for funding by the TIIAP! In the meantime, we had accomplished most of the goals and objectives of the Project here locally without any funds. By June we had formed a partnership with Franklin County, the Mid-Columbia Library (MCL) , and an Internet Service Provider (ISP). We moved the Free-Net computer to donated space in the County Public Safety Building, upgraded the software (donated) to accommodate 14 simultaneous users, went from 2 dial-up connections to 6 using donated phone lines from the county, updated the modem bank to 14.4kbps, added Internet access (donated by the ISP), and now had seventy (70) public access points in three counties (via the 10 branch MCL). Basically, the TCFN provided free public Internet e-mail, local information exchange, community resources, access to other community networks. The MCL provided World Wide Web (WWW) access and other research assets. Our cash donations increased to over $6,000.00 and we were awarded our first two grants!
  • U.S. West Foundation provided a small grant to conduct a series of seminars on "Internet Business Applications" in 1996. The City of Kennewick awarded a HUD grant to provide a computer, Internet access, and a training program for the Senior Citizen's Center. Our goods and services contributions amounted to over $25,000.00. There were still no funds for salaries or basic administration.
  • A computer recycle program was born. We partnered with the Tri-Tech Skills Center (a Vocational Education Center serving six area school districts) to refurbish donated computer equipment. We have provided many computers to low income families, disabled persons, non-profit organizations, and other "have-nots". The success stories are building. A low income family living in HUD housing (4 children under the age of 7) has a computer with Internet access, former gang members are using it to gain access to community resources, the husband is using the computer for college related work while working full time and attending the local community college, and the TCFN receives administrative support in return. A disabled mother is using a donated computer to conduct research on her disability and will be sharing her research with others in the community.
  • In October we formed Columbia Basin Public Information Network (CBPIN). The founding members include the Arts Council of the Mid-Columbia Region, BOSS Internet Group (our ISP), ESD-123 (Educational Service District serving 23 school districts), Franklin County, the Mid-Columbia Library, NW Public TV, the TCFN, and Washington State University (WSU) Cooperative Extension. The executive summary reads:
  • CBPIN is a network of organizations dedicated to providing the widest possible access to the Information Superhighway. Our goal for this project is to ensure everyone has access appropriate to their needs - business, educators, students, children, non-profits, the rich, the poor, the disabled. The CBPIN will take the RECA Foundation's Lewis & Clark Project to the next level in Southeast Washington and Northeast Oregon. The RECA Foundation will act as the primary agent for the CBPIN and endeavor to expand the Tri-Cities Free-Net©; establish and maintain a World Wide Web Server for educational, government, and other not-for-profit organizations; and generally facilitate information dissemination among the network members and the general public.

    The "top down" folks were still not interested. But we didn't give up.

  • 1996. Revision 1 of the CBPIN project plan was submitted for presentation at Community Networking '96 (and the 28th Annual International Conference of the Community Development Society. We were able to attend the CN '96 by driving to Taos in our 1979 VW camper, stay in campgrounds, and pay the registration fee for one to attend. Unfortunately, there is no funding to attend the CDS conference in Melbourne, Australia in July.
  • Revision 2 of the CBPIN Plan was completed before CN '96 and limited copies distributed at the conference. It is available upon request, on the TCFN, and on the new WWW public server by June. The Plan includes six (6) specific programs, most of which are already underway to some degree. The most significant program is the WWW Public Server Program. The program will make available a World Wide Web server for public use (https://www.tcfn.org). Work Experience programs (Columbia Industries, Washington State Migrant Council, Private Industry Council, Welfare Reform, etc.) will provide programmers for initial design and implementation. "Adopt-a-Page" projects will support the maintenance of not-for-profit web pages. Youth groups, schools, service clubs, etc., will adopt pages for associations, human & social service organizations, and others. A high school technology class or a Boy Scout Troop, for example, might maintain the Web presence for the Tri-Cities Visitor & Convention Bureau, the Humane Society, the Cancer Center, or a model railroaders club. A Washington State history class might maintain the historical information section for TRIDEC (Tri-City Industrial Development Council).
  • Our round trip to Taos covered over 3,300 miles on our nation's highways. Both of us remembered what the areas alongside our highways looked like in the 50's, 60's, 70's, and even the 80's - lots of trash despite strong warnings of heavy fines (e.g. a "top down" solution to the litter problem). What we saw in 1996 was very different. Clean, nearly pristine countryside. Why? The "Adopt a Highway" program. "Bottom up", grass roots (pun intended) organizations like boy scout troupes, company employees, families, service clubs, churches, individuals, law firms, non-profit organizations, folks from every walk of life taking pride in the appearance of their area and making the personal commitment to keep it clean. We knew we were on the right track with "Adopt-a Page". Same concept with a world-wide audience! A similar philosophy is used in the Amistad Neighborhood Project (Appendix D of the CBPIN Plan) - the McKnight "Mapping Model, Building Communities from the Inside Out". Bottom up, inside out. Both put the power of change in the hands of those who are effected by the changes.
  • Funding. Do we now have the support of those "top down" folks? Not yet, but we haven't given up!. The CBPIN Project Plan addresses nearly every aspect of community: Arts & Culture, Civic Improvement, Environmental, Education & Training, Human & Social Services, Economic Development & Renewal... We have submitted the plan as a grant application to several grant makers including Microsoft and Boeing. Since our participation in CN '96 we have been encouraged by other grantmakers. But we still need to show more support on the home front.
  • The TCFN provides free access to those who cannot afford commercial access and a good place to start for those that could afford it - if they knew what "it" was. Several Free-Net users have moved on to a commercial ISP. Boss Internet Group refunds a portion of their monthly access fee to the user's charity of choice and we have begun to receive some funding from that source.
  • The RECA Foundation has been formally recognized for its Human Health and Welfare Activities in the form of approval for next fall's Combined Federal Campaign (managed by the local United Way). Examples of our work include Contact Helpline Directory and "Ask a Counselor" forum, Directory of Organizations (listing nearly 900 resources taken from all three chambers of commerce and the Kennewick Advantage Program), WSU Cooperative Extension programs on "Youth and Family", and Mid-Columbia Library (MCL) local and Internet/WWW resources. An active member of the Human Services Coalition for three years, the RECA Foundation has committed to ensuring all HSC members are "on-line" with full Internet access by the end of 1996. The Foundation also provides free Internet access and training to other non-profit organizations in the area.
  • Community computing networks have, for the most part, been information and access providers. We see their role as evolving, into content providers, collaboration facilitators, and advocates for the "low end user".
  • The Tri-Cities area is undergoing a transition from an economy based on government support (Hanford) to a market-driven economy. At least that's the theory. The "government" recently hired outside consultants to analyze the local economic situation and "develop strategic economic directions and an action agenda for the future Tri-Cities economy" (the amount paid could meet the administration needs of the RECA Foundation for several years!). The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) report provides plenty of analysis, references to other communities, and some detailed recommendations in its 120 plus pages. The bottom line focus is on "cluster-based" economic development and collaboration. Communications, as we see it, are the key to the success of any community-wide effort - no matter what the goal. CBPIN already exists and provides the beginnings of the infrastructure for such communications. Specifically, the report stated:
  • "Successfully implementing the Hanford Partnership Council (HPC) depends less on finding funds to support staff than it does upon leaders in the Tri-Cities agreeing to collaborate to solve specific problems together". Sound familiar? We thought the consultants had borrowed a quote from Frank Odasz (Big Sky Telegraph - a Free-Net in Western Montana) when he was "wondering when the top-down leadership will figure out the benefits of supporting bottom-up innovations and local leadership". He said: "Mass collaboration is more dependent on shared imagination than elaborate bandwidth". We couldn't agree more. Especially after meeting Frank in Taos and hearing his stories of the last 8 years..
  • The CBPIN Project Plan includes the provision for paid membership. "Top down" support through modest membership fees will help provide the basic administrative support for the community networking projects and programs. Our visibility is increasing daily, worldwide. Adopt a Page, attend the regular CBPIN meetings (every second Friday, 1:30 - 3:00pm in the CBC library), take a look at other community networks, look at your own Community Network and read our history (annual reports, CBPIN Plan, etc.), become a CBPIN member, and let the view on and alongside the highway be one you can be proud of.
  • Are we still nuts? Yes, but we haven't given up.
  • Thank you for reading,
  • Bruce McComb Ronda Evans

    Executive Director President

    p.s. "The rest of the story" is about the thousands of hours of community service working on other boards; helping the disabled, seniors, youth, under served; teaching classes.... want to know more? Just ask.

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